Department Introduction

The Department of Clinical Sciences is a leading academic and clinical unit committed to excellence in veterinary education, clinical training, research innovation, and professional veterinary services. Through its modern Veterinary Teaching Hospital and advanced laboratories, the department integrates theory with intensive hands-on training to produce highly competent veterinary graduates and specialists.

The department comprises four major academic sections and a modern Veterinary Teaching Hospital:

1. Medicine

The Medicine Section provides comprehensive diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and extension services for livestock and companion animals.

Core Areas:

• Diagnosis and medical management of infectious and non-infectious diseases
• Herd health planning and preventive medicine
• Clinical case management and supportive therapy
• Ambulatory and field-based veterinary services
• Farmer advisory and outreach programs

The section plays a central role in strengthening livestock health systems and improving regional animal productivity.

2. Surgery

The Surgery Section operates well-equipped small and large animal operation theatres with modern surgical infrastructure.

Facilities & Services:

• Soft tissue surgery
• Hard tissue and orthopedic procedures
• Fracture fixation and management
• Advanced anesthesia and monitoring systems
• Digital radiography (X-ray facility)

A dedicated Farrier Unit provides specialized training in hoof trimming, corrective shoeing, and equine foot care.

Students are trained in surgical decision-making, clinical judgment, and problem-solving skills aligned with international professional standards.

3. Theriogenology & Reproductive Biotechnology

The Theriogenology Section represents a flagship strength of the department, combining academic excellence with technological leadership in reproductive biotechnology.

3.1 Academic & Clinical Scope

• Reproductive physiology and pathology
• Veterinary obstetrics and gynecology
• Andrology
• Infertility diagnosis and management
• Estrus synchronization programs
• Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)

Pioneering Contributions

The section has introduced and institutionalized advanced reproductive technologies in small and large ruminants, including:

• Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination (LAI)
• Ultrasound-guided Ovum Pick Up (OPU)
• Embryo Transfer (ET) programs
• Field-level fertility enhancement technologies

These innovations have significantly contributed to genetic improvement, increased twinning rates, and enhanced livestock productivity.

3.2 Semen Analysis & Cryopreservation Laboratory (SA&CL)

The Semen Analysis & Cryopreservation Laboratory (SA&CL) is a state-of-the-art facility serving South Punjab.

The laboratory is the Reference Laboratory of the Livestock Breeding Services Authority (LBSA), Government of the Punjab, responsible for:

• Quality assurance of frozen semen marketed by private and public sector companies
• Regulatory semen evaluation and certification
• Compliance testing for breeding programs

Core Functions:

• Advanced semen evaluation using Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA)
• Cryopreservation of semen for breeding and research
• Development of innovative cryobiology protocols
• Routine quality assessment of fresh and frozen semen

The laboratory maintains advanced cryogenic storage systems (-196°C) and modern diagnostic and analytical equipment.

3.3 IVF & Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory

The IVF & Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory supports advanced embryo production and genetic improvement programs.

Core Functions:

• Oocyte retrieval and grading
• In vitro maturation (IVM)
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)
• In vitro embryo production (IVEP)
• Embryo grading and cryopreservation
• Superovulation and embryo transfer support

The laboratory plays a key role in postgraduate training, fertility enhancement programs, and elite germplasm multiplication initiatives.

4. Epidemiology & Public Health

The Epidemiology & Public Health Section focuses on disease surveillance, preventive strategies, and zoonotic risk management.

Core Areas:

• Epidemiological investigations
• Disease outbreak analysis
• Zoonotic disease monitoring
• Biosecurity planning and risk assessment
• Public health awareness and extension programs

This section bridges animal health, food safety, and public health systems to support sustainable livestock development.

5. Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH)

The Veterinary Teaching Hospital serves as the clinical backbone of the department.

Clinical Units:

• Out Door Clinic (diagnosis, treatment, preventive care)
• Surgery Clinic (soft tissue, orthopedic, radiography)
• Theriogenology Clinic (reproductive ultrasonography, infertility management, obstetrical care, ARTs)
• Pet Center (companion animal healthcare)

The hospital also supports extension and ambulatory services in collaboration with the Livestock & Dairy Development Department, Government of the Punjab.

Research Strengths

• Reproductive Biotechnology & ARTs
• Semen Cryobiology & Quality Assurance
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Preventive & Internal Medicine
• Estrus Synchronization & Fertility Enhancement
• Epidemiology & Zoonotic Disease Research

On-Going Research Projects 

Optimizing Embryo Production and Transfer through innovative Laproscopy in Boer Goats and Dorper Sheep for Enhancing Their Breeding Efficiency.

Funding Agency: Punjab Agriculture Research Board

PI: Dr. Ejaz Ahmad, Associate Professor

Total Cost: 42.04 million PKR

Development of Suitable Protocols for Laparoscopic Ovum Pick Up Technique in Prepubertal Cattle Calves

Funding Agency: Pakistan Science Foundation

PI: Prof. Dr. M. Saleem Akhtar

Total Cost: 6.108 million PKR

Completed Research Projects 

Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Saleem Akhtar

Pregnancy Rates in Anestrus Nili-Ravi Buffaloes Treated with hCG and Flunixine Meglumine in a TAI Protocol During Low Breeding Season.

Funding Agency: Pakistan Agriculture Research Council under Agricultural Linkages Program (ALP)

Total Cost: 2.400 million PKR.

Effect of Monopropylene Glycol Supplementation During Early Postpartum Period on Serum Metabolites and Reproductive Performance in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes Having Poor Body Condition Score

Funding Agency: HEC-NRPU

Total Cost: 2.43 million PKR.

Postpartum Estrus Interval in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes Exposed Continuously or Intermittently to Bull or Excretory Products of Bull

Funding Agency: HEC-NRPU

Total Cost: 3.05 million PKR.

Principal Investigator: Dr. Ejaz Ahmad (Associate Professor)

Optimization of Semen Cryopreservation and Artificial Insemination Techniques for Improving Reproductive Potential in Sheep

Funding Agency: Pakistan Agriculture Research Council under Agricultural Linkages Program (ALP),

Total Cost: 6.650 million PKR

Use of estrus synchronization and inhibin immunization as a strategy to enhance reproductive efficiency in goats.

Funding Agency: HEC-NRPU

Total Cost: 2.344 million PKR.

Effect of Extracellular Adenosine 5-triphosphate on Goat Spermatozoa

Funding Agency: HEC-SRGP

Total Cost: 0.375 million PKR.

Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Tanveer Ahmad

Effectiveness of ozone treatment in curing mastitis and associated uterine infections in dairy animals.

Funding Agency: HEC-NRPU

Total Cost: 1.800 million PKR.

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